The Statue of Liberty-Lady of Enlightenment
Barbara
D. Muschler
H W Cowherd Middle School
441 N Farnsworth Ave
Aurora IL 60505
Promoting
Geographic Knowledge Through Literature Workshop
July 7-19, 2002
PREVIEW of MAIN IDEAS:
The Statue of Liberty is a huge “stone and copper lady” that stands in New York Harbor on Liberty Island. A gift from France, it has become one of our most cherished monuments. It is a recognizable symbol of freedom to the rest of the world. The “Lady of Enlightenment” was given to the United States on July 4, 1884 to commemorate the centennial anniversary of our nation’s Independence Day. It was an idea developed by Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi (1834-1904), a sculptor from Alsace. He insisted upon actively overseeing its design, construction, and location.
With the financial support of the French, the hand and torch were completed, and sent to the United States. First it was sent to Philadelphia, then to New York City, and finally, after five years, returned to France. The framework to support the statue was designed by Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, who later constructed the Eiffel Tower for the Paris Exposition.
The entire statue was completed by July 4, 1884, and presented to the American ambassador to France. The pedestal upon which the statue would rest, was completed in New York. After being dismantled, with all pieces accurately labeled and carefully crated for its trip across the Atlantic, it arrived and was re-assembled.
Four years after Ellis Island opened its doors to immigrants of the world, on October 28, 1886, the colossus stood on its pedestal on Liberty Island, and was unveiled in the harbor before President Cleveland and a huge crowd of excited Americans! The Statue of Liberty was dedicated as a national monument in 1924, after “watching” millions of hopeful immigrants anxiously watch for the sight of her - and their new homeland!
CONNECTION to the CURRICULUM:
This lesson can be used with Social Studies - History or Geography classes. Other subject areas that can be integrated are Language Arts, Literature, Math, and Art.
TEACHING GRADE LEVELS:
Grades 4 - 8
TIME FRAME: 2 - 5 days, depending upon the grade level of students, and the extent of the lesson
GEOGRAPHIC THEMES:
Location, Place, Human/Environmental Interaction, Movement and Regions
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT: The World in Spatial Terms
STANDARD#3: How to analyze the spatial organization of
people, places, and environments on Earth’s surface
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT: Places and Regions
STANDARD#4: The physical and human characteristics of places
STANDARD#5: That people create regions to interpret Earth’s
Complexity
STANDARD#6: How culture and experience influence people’s
Perceptions of places and regions
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT: Human Systems
STANDARD#9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of
human populations on Earth’s surface
STANDARD#10:The characteristics, distribution, and complexity
of Earth’s cultural mosaics
STANDARD#11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth’s surface
STANDARD#13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict
among people influence the division and control of Earth’s
surface
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT: Environment and Society
STANDARD#14: How human actions modify the physical environment
STANDARD#15: How physical systems affect human systems
STANDARD#16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT: The Uses of Geography
STANDARD#17: How to apply geography to interpret the past
STANDARD#18: How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future
OBJECTIVE#1:
Students will read various selections, and be exposed to other media about the Statue of Liberty
OBJECTIVE#2:
Students will read for understanding and comprehension
OBJECTIVE#3:
Students will be able to locate France, Alsace, and the city and state of New York, New York, U.S.A., Upper New York Bay, the Hudson River, Ellis Island, and Liberty Island on maps
OBJECTIVE#4:
Students will learn the significance of the various symbols included on the statue, such as the 7 rays on the crown representing the “seven” seas and the seven continents
OBJECTIVE#5:
Students will learn about the historical relationship between the countries of France and the United States of America
OBJECTIVE#6:
Students will learn, memorize and recite the poem, “The New Colossus”, by Emma Lazarus (For those who have difficulty memorizing the entire poem, the last stanza, which is more widely recognized, can be memorized #)
OBJECTIVE#7:
Students will be able to determine the ratio of some of the measurements of the statue of Liberty to themselves
OBJECTIVE#8:
Students will be able to explain, in writing, some of the reasons why people came to this country
OBJECTIVE#9:
Students will be able to explain why, with liberty, rights and freedom, there are responsibilities
ILLINOIS STATE GOALS: #14, 15, 16, 17, 18
MATERIALS:
Reference books (See bibliography)
Library books
Atlases and maps (which include detail of New York)
Colored pencils or crayons
Lined writing paper and blue or black ink pens
Graph paper or unlined paper
Index cards
Rulers
Access to the internet
VOCABULARY:
Architect
Centennial
Diadems
Fort Wood
Granite
Joseph Pulizer
Pedestal
Tablet
Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi
Colossus
Dismantled
Independence
Liberty
President Cleveland
Toga
Bedloe Island
Emma Lazarus
France
Inscription
Liberty Island
Symbol of Freedom
Torch
PROCEDURE:
1. Share the reading of the reference materials with the students, by either reading aloud to them, or having them read to themselves, or in groups (pair/share)
2. Students need to take notes about some of the important people involved with the creation, funding, writers, etc. of the Statue of Liberty, such as Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, Joseph Pulizer, Emma Lazarus; and then share this information in groups, or in class
3. Students can create a time line about the Statue of Liberty, from its very beginning as an idea, until its unveiling as a completed work of art
4. Using atlases and detailed maps of western Europe, the U.S., and/or New York, students are to locate France, Alsace, city and state of New York, Upper New York Bay, The Hudson River, Ellis Island and Liberty Island. An additional activity could be to draw a map of New York, indicating the location of the places listed above.
5. Students are to research and report to the class the significance of some of the symbols represented on the Statue of Liberty, such as the 7 diadems radiating from the crown atop her head, the date on the tablet, the toga, the chains, etc.
6. The poem,”The New Colossus,”and accompanying story about Emma Lazarus will be presented in class. Students will be expected to memorize at least the second stanza, and recite it to the teacher.An explanation of its meaning, in the students’ terms should also be given.
7. A short essay could be written, either by individuals, or as group work, about the historical relationship between France and the United States; some reasons why they believed people came to the United States; and why there are responsibilities for citizens who expect to have freedom, liberty, and rights!
8. Students can create math problems showing the ratio of the measurement of their hands, fingers, toes, nose, face, height, etc., to those measurements of the Statue of Liberty
EXTENSION of the LESSON:
1. Draw an outline of the Statue of Liberty, which is about 3 or 4 feet high. Cut out pictures of people of all ages, cultures, nationalities, occupations, etc., and glue on to the outline of the Statue of Liberty. Fill in all spaces, overlapping, when necessary. (Appropriate pictures can be found in magazines, travel literature, and of course, “National Geographic!)
2. A word search, using related vocabulary, can be used in class. Students can also create their own word searches or crossword puzzles, using definitions as clues.
3. Students could work on their own family trees or genealogy.
4. Students could “build” a replica of the Statue of Liberty, using ratio to determine “scale model” figures for the dimensions. Various media could be used.
ASSESSMENT of STUDENT LEARNING:
1. Class discussion and participation
2. Quality of notes taken
3. Accuracy of the ratio measurement comparisons
4. Rubric to evaluate the individual or group written work
BIBLIOGRAPHY and REFERENCES:
1. Baicker, Karen, “Immigration - Then and Now”, Scholastic Professional Books, 1997, ISBN# 0-590-93097-4
2. Frender, Gloria, “Learning to Learn - Strengthening Study Skills and Brain Power,” Incentive Publications, Inc., 1990, ISBN# 0-86530-141-7
3. Gross, Virginia T., “It’s Only Goodbye - An Immigrant Story,” Viking Penguin, 1990, ISBN# 0-670-83289-8
4. Guthrie, Woody, “This Land is Your Land”
5. Herweck, Dona and Levin, Ina Massler, “Patriotic Patterns and Clip Art,” Teacher Created Materials, Inc., 1991, ISBN# 1-55734-142-7
6. Katz, Bobbi, “American History Poems,” Scholastic Professional Books, 1998, ISBN# 0-590-49973-4
7. Prentice Hall - Simon and Schuster Educational Group, “American History Transparencies,”1998, ISBN# 0-13-432246-0
8. Reeves, Pamela, “Ellis Island - Gateway to the American Dream,” Barnes and Noble Books, 2002, ISBN# 0-8802-9586-4
9. Smith, A.G., “Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Coloring Book,” Dover Publications, Inc., 1985, ISBN# 0-486-24966-2
10. West, Delno C. and West, Jean M., “Uncle Sam and Old Glory, Symbols of America,” Athenum Books for Young Readers of Simon & Schuster Children’s Publishing Division, 2000, ISBN# 0-689-82043-7
WEBSITES:
1. ellisislandrecords.org
2. www.genealogy.com
3. myfamily.com
4. lineages.com
5. familysearch.org
6. www.historychannel.com
7. AandE.com
8. Biography.com
9. HistoryInternational.com
10. Http://www.endex.com/gf/buildings/liberty/libertyfacts.htm
ADDITIONAL
EXTENSION
ACTIVITIES
(THESE ITEMS WERE TOO NUMEROUS TO BE ADDED TO THE WEB SITE AND MAY BE REQUESTED FROM THE ILLINOIS GEOGRAPHIC ALLIANCE)